Abstract: This study sought to answer the question of what are the causes of marital infidelity in the Iranian family. To Answer the Research Question, Qualitative Meta-Synthesis (QMS) method Were Used. Then, 78 Scientific Papers Which Were Considered Marital Infidelity in Iran were identified and were Analyzed. The results showed that the factors of infidelity in Iran can be classified into 9 main categories, including: 1. Social factors, 2. Psychological factors, 3. Cultural factors, 4. Family factors, 5. Personal factors, 6. Relational factors, 7. Economic factors, 8. Media factors, 9. Contextual factors. Each of the main Categories is divided into Different Subcategories. The Social Factors of infidelity were including “Infidelity Opportunities”, “Friend groups” and “Environmental Conditions”. Psychological Factors of Infidelity Were Including “Personality Type”, “Attachment Styles”, and their “Love Schema”. Cultural Factors have Pointed to “Change in Beliefs and values” and “the level of Religious Education” of people. The Family Factors were including “Inappropriate Marriage”, “Family Conflict” and “the Kind of Family Background of people”. The Personal Factors are “Sexual Dissatisfaction”, “Emotional Dissatisfaction”, “the Feeling of Loneliness”, “the Spouse Unavailability”, “Weakness in Controlling Spouse”, “Domestic Violence”, “Revenge of the Spouse” and “the Role of the Third Person in the Relationship”. The Economic factors are including “the Economic Status of the person”, “the Role of Economic Problems”, “the motivation of entering into infidelity under the Pretext of Job promotion”. The media Factors Were Emphasized on “weakening Iranian Values through Social Media Networks and Foreign Satellite Channels” and “Producing of New Needs by Media”. Finally, the Contextual Factors were including the Role of “Age” and “Gender” in the Infidelity. Findings showed that Infidelity Occurred in the group of men and youth in Iran, more than other Social Groups.

Background and Objectives: Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are among the interesting topics for scholars, policymakers and managers in various fields, including health. The purpose of this study is to design a model for the development of PPP in the health system of Iran. methods: This is a qualitative study using a Meta-Synthesis approach. The data were collected by reviewing articles related to the literature which were searched in valid national and international databases. Then, using the opinions of a panel of experts, the qualitative findings extracted from the articles were synthesized to finally discover new concepts. Results: Out of 217 articles extracted, 27 final articles were selected and 66 initial codes were extracted. According to experts, the final results include 3 main dimensions and 12 Components: public sector with Components (organizational and institutional, Administrative and social, legal and regulatory, structural and contextual), private sector with Components (economic and financial, Banking and inflation, technical and specialized, Technology and equipment, legal and contractual) and the charity sector with Components (acceptability and effectiveness, awareness and confidence building, communication and interaction). Conclusion: The present study provides a new model and perspective on how to develop PPP in the health system of Iran. Based on this model, the managers of public, private and charity sectors can improve the health system of the country by using the huge economic, social and cultural capacities of society.

E-tourism is the digitization of all the processes and value chains in the tourism, travel, hospitality and catering industries that enable organizations to maximize their efficiency and effectiveness. Ubiquitous and highly innovative ICTs provide different channels for consumers to use tourism services,thus, studies on e-tourism are numerous and fragmented. Different factors account for how consumers embrace these channels. This research aims to design an e-tourism acceptance framework using Meta-Synthesis method. In order to design and explain a comprehensive model, all dimensions of E-tourism have been identified through systematic literature review using 273 papers and Meta-Synthesis method. Then the importance and priority of each proposed dimension was determined using Shannon quantitative method based on content analysis. The results reveal security, consumer satisfaction and Functionality are the major criteria in E-tourism acceptance. At the end the research results demonstrate a comprehensive framework for e-tourism acceptance. Keywords: E-tourism, acceptance, Security, , Meta-Synthesis, Shannon Entropy.

Purpose: In recent years, the entrepreneurial government with emphasis on government re-creation has been proposed as one of the new Public management approaches in many Countries of the world, which needs to identify the factors influencing the creation and development of this form of government. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify the drivers of entrepreneurial government development. Design/ methodology/ approach: In this research, the strategy of qualitative content analysis with a deductive approach has been used in the framework of documentary research. Also, the development of an appropriate coding framework for the implementation of qualitative content analysis with the Meta-Synthesis method has been done. Research Findings: In this study, the drivers of entrepreneurial government development were divided into five categories: "structural drivers", "content drivers", "contextual drivers", "technological drivers" and "fundamental drivers". Limitations & Consequences: Considering the summary of global theoretical foundations in this research, in order to use the results, one must pay attention to the specific characteristics of governmental organizations. Practical Consequences: Paying attention to the five drivers mentioned in the process of developing the entrepreneurial government can lead to the promotion of entrepreneurship in governmental organizations. Innovation or Value of the Article: Regarding the drivers presented in this study, considering that a comprehensive model for the development of the entrepreneurial government has not been presented so far with emphasis on both micro and macro levels of government, this study can be considered a comprehensive and appropriate roadmap for the development of the entrepreneurial government. To be taken.

Radioiodinated Meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is one of the important radiopharmaceuticals in Nuclear Medicine. [123/131I] MIBG is used for imaging of Adrenal medulla, studying heart sympathetic nerves, treatment of pheochromacytoma and neuroblastoma. For clinical application, radioiodinated MIBG is prepared through isotopic exchange method, which includes replacement of radioactive iodine in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with cold iodine (127I). The unlabelled MIBG hemisulfate is synthesized by the procedure described by Wieland et al. (1980). The availability of a more practical and cost-effective procedure for MIBG preparation encouraged us to study the MIBG Synthesis methods. In this study the preparation of MIBG through different methods were evaluated and a new method, which is one step, simple and cost-effective is introduced. The method has ability to be scaled up for production of unlabelled MIBG.

Background and objective: In the complex world of today's organizations, one of the areas that has attracted the attention of researchers in the relationship between the individual and the organization is the psychological contract between employees and the employer. Psychological contract refers to the unwritten obligations of employees and the employer to each other. The present study aims to qualitatively combine the results of studies conducted in the field of content of psychological contracts and provide a general framework in this field. method: In this research, using the Meta-combined approach, the results and findings of previous researchers have been analyzed. 641 sources were identified by conducting studies on the content of psychological contracts in reputable foreign and domestic scientific databases. Finally, after some steps, data have been collected from 13 studies conducted in this field. To evaluate the validity of Meta-combination, Kasp tool and also to measure the reliability of Meta-combination, Kappa Cohen index has been used, which was obtained as 0. 868 in SPSS and is at a good level. Findings: The results show that unwritten obligations of employees to the organization have five concepts (organizational citizenship behavior, loyalty, ethics, job performance and flexibility) and unwritten obligations of employees to employees have four categories and fifteen concepts (job and related factors, The environment of the organization is the growth of employees, rewards and public benefit). Conclusion: Managing psychological contracts in the relationship between the individual and the organization, in order to achieve positive attitudes and behavioral consequences and minimizing the consequences of violating these contracts requires comprehensive attention to the content of psychological contracts in all dimensions.

Background and purpose: Today, with the expansion of urbanization and the creation of special living conditions, the need to take a special look at the category of urban development and the factors that strengthen or disrupt it is felt. Security is necessary for the development of cities, and one of the factors that endangers the security of cities and slows down urban development is urban violence. Reviewing scientific studies in the field of urban violence and street fights in Iran and the world, as well as summarizing the results in this field in order to achieve a new explanation and analysis of this issue, is the main goal of this article. method: This research is one of the qualitative researches in which the seven-step Meta Synthesis method of Sandelowski and Barso was used. Findings: In order to carry out the research, after going through the evaluation and validation stages, 10 scientific articles in Farsi language and 11 scientific articles in English language (total 21 articles) were found to be relevant. Based on the analysis and Synthesis of selected researches, 49 concepts in the form of 7 categories were finally identified as the causes of urban violence. These 7 categories are psychological-personality, family, urban environment, social-cultural, economic, institutional-management and judicial-policy causes. Conclusion: The results of this research show that 49 concepts extracted from studies are effective on urban violence.

The importance of technology creating and investments requires tangible results in the area of the dissemination of applied knowledge created with the commercialization capability and transferring it to the market in the form of patent. However, there is no studies suggested the integrated framework for patent creation affecting factors. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting the creation of patents and to explain how these factors are interconnected. This qualitative research, attempts to explore and extract the most important factors influencing the creation of patents using systematic review and Meta-Synthesis method. Finally, by extracting and encoding factors in the form of semantic codes and conceptual codes try to mapping the relation between them. Based on the results, the knowledge management, technology management services, patenting processes management, research and development activities and international interactions in research and development have the greatest role in balancing the patent creation affecting the factors. Such a study, will not only help recognizing the most important factors in this area by introducing the patent creation factors in a systematic method, but also, help policymakers to identify the most effective policies to promote innovation, Which improve the context for patent creating.

Objective The disengagement of talent is a significant consequence of mismanagement, presenting Iranian organizations with numerous challenges. Understanding the causes behind talent disengagement has long been a critical concern for managers and researchers alike. However, a review of the existing literature reveals that the antecedents and consequences of talent disengagement have not been systematically or comprehensively addressed within a specific framework. This gap underscores the need for detailed and structured studies on the subject. Consequently, the current research was undertaken with the aim of identifying and modeling the antecedents and consequences of talent disengagement in organizations. methods This study is a qualitative research project utilizing the Meta-Synthesis method. Meta-Synthesis is particularly effective for combining scattered findings from previous studies to create new conceptual frameworks. The statistical population for this research consisted of previous studies. After an extensive search and review of available sources, the selection of appropriate materials was conducted by evaluating the titles, abstracts, and content of the identified sources. This selection process ensured that only the most relevant sources were included as samples. Data collection involved a thorough examination of the findings from these selected sources. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze and synthesize the data, ultimately leading to the final results. Results After selecting the appropriate sources, the text of each was meticulously reviewed, and primary codes were extracted. These codes were then analyzed, with duplicates removed and similar codes merged based on meaning and concept. The analysis categorized the antecedents of talent disengagement into two primary dimensions: individual factors and organizational factors. The individual factors were further divided into two components: attitudinal factors (such as lack of self-confidence, job dissatisfaction, unclear vision of the future within the organization, perceived injustice, low self-efficacy, perceived lack of organizational support, perceived lack of organizational identity, and work-life conflict) and behavioral factors (including lack of adaptability, low resilience, lack of emotional intelligence, external engagements, unwillingness to engage in political behavior, and weak communication skills). The organizational factors were categorized into five components: job-related factors (such as lack of autonomy, high work stress, lack of job security, insufficient feedback, mismatch between competencies and duties, and limited growth opportunities), cultural factors (inappropriate work environment, prevalence of bullying, political behaviors, individualism, melting pot mentality, and nepotism), structural factors (high formality, bureaucratic structures, centralized decision-making, and structural differentiation), managerial factors (managerial incompetence, Machiavellian tendencies, resistance to criticism, narcissism, and excessive focus on work), and process-related factors (weak compensation systems, poor communication processes, ineffective performance management, and inadequate talent management and succession planning). Additionally, the consequences of talent disengagement were identified in two dimensions: individual consequences (comprising attitudinal and behavioral components) and organizational consequences (encompassing both short-term and long-term impacts). Conclusion The findings of this research can significantly enhance managers' understanding of the causes behind talent disengagement in organizations. By identifying these antecedents, the study provides a valuable foundation for planning and implementing necessary measures to prevent and manage talent disengagement. Furthermore, recognizing the consequences of disengagement highlights the critical importance of this issue, increasing managerial awareness and sensitivity towards effectively managing this detrimental phenomenon in organizations.